Surinder Makkar, MBBS, MS, MCh, Deepak Kalia, MBBS, MS, Ramesh Sharma, MBBS, MS, MCh, and Madhu Khullar, MD.
The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of fluid resuscitation on the intra abdominal pressure and monitoring the changes in the central venous pressure and cardiac output during initial resuscitation in burn patients. Twenty six burn patients admitted from July 2006 to June 2007, in the burn unit of Plastic Surgery in PGIMER, Chandigarh were included into prospective study extended over the initial three days of the burn injury .The patients were resuscitated according to the Parkland formula. For every patient the basal intra abdominal pressure(IAP) and the central venous pressure (CVP) were measured. The CVP and intra abdominal pressure were measured 8 hourly. The cardiac output(CO) was measured daily by the dye dilution method using Indocyanin Green dye. There were 15 male and 11 female patients. The TBSA in the study group ranged from 20 to 60%. It was found that with the increase in the burnt body surface area, the IAP also increased. There was non significant positive correlation between the CVP and the fluid infused. There was significant positive correlation between the CVP and IAP during initial burn resuscitation. The CVP was significantly negatively correlated with the cardiac output. The fluid infused was significant positively correlated with the IAP during initial burn resuscitation. There was significant negative correlation between the IAP and the cardiac output on all 3 days. The fluid infused was negatively correlated with the cardiac output on the initial two days of resuscitation but positively correlated on third post burn day. There was no case of abdominal compartment syndrome. There was positive correlation between urine output and cardiac output and negative correlation between urine output and CVP and IAP but all were not statistically significant.The data from our study suggest that the CVP during burn resuscitation is influenced more by the surrounding external intra-abdominal pressure than by the actual intra-vascular volume status of the patient. Thus CVP guided fluid therapy during burn shock may lead to an underestimation of fluid requirements of the patient. In major burns the increased amount of fluid infused can lead to increased intra abdominal pressure and one should be aware of abdominal compartment syndrome. More larger studies are needed to assess the results