PURPOSE: Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) remains a common problem in the care of patients with cleft palate and other related conditions.  It may be successfully corrected with augmentation of the posterior pharynx.  The purpose of this study was to review the experience and results of posterior pharyngeal augmentation over a forty year period at one cleft center in the.

METHOD: All patients from 1968 to 2008 who underwent posterior pharyngeal augmentation for the treatment of VPI were reviewed retrospectively.  Diagnosis, age at the time of operation, type of implant used, duration of follow-up, speech performance both pre- and postoperatively, and complications were analyzed.  Speech performance preoperatively was assessed by video fluoroscopy and/or nasoendoscopy.  Resonance was assessed by both the surgeon and speech pathologist using a three point grading scale. 

RESULTS: One hundred and eleven patients underwent posterior pharyngeal augmentation.  Thirteen patients required removal of the implant because of extrusion (n=12) and postoperative sleep apnea (n=1).  Five patients with failed implants at the primary operation had successful replacement at a second operation, resulting in a retained implant success rate of 93%.  Of the 103 patients who were successfully augmented, fifteen were lost to follow-up, leaving 88 patients with full postoperative speech evaluations.  Of the 88 patients evaluated, 64 exhibited normal or near normal speech (73%), 22 patients had mildly nasal speech (25%), and two patients (2%) were not improved.  Highest extrusion rates were seen for smooth surface silicone and rolled gortex implants.

CONCLUSION: Augmentation of the posterior pharyngeal wall is a safe and effective treatment for patients with VPI.  Implants are well tolerated and yield excellent speech improvement.